Nootropics: Do They Really Make You Smarter?
It's not surprising that people are looking for ways to get more out of their minds in a time when productivity is important and attention spans are getting shorter. The search for ways to improve mental performance has become very popular, from energy drinks with caffeine to "biohackers" in Silicon Valley who are trying out designer pills. Nootropics are a type of drug that claims to improve memory, focus, creativity, and overall brain function. They are at the heart of this movement.
What Are Nootropics?
The word "nootropic" comes from the Greek, where "noos" means "mind" and "tropein" means "to bend or turn." When put together, they mean "mind-bending." Dr. Corneliu Giurgea, a scientist from Romania, made piracetam, the first real nootropic, in the early 1970s.
He also came up with the word to describe it. He said a nootropic was a drug that could help people learn and remember things better without hurting their brain or giving them a lot of trouble.
The word doesn't mean the same thing it did when Giurgea first used it. Nootropics can be roughly divided into two groups:
Prescription Nootropics: These are drugs that were first made to help health problems like ADHD, Alzheimer's, or narcolepsy. Modafinil, Adderall, and donepezil are some examples. In clinical situations, they can have a big effect on neurotransmitter systems, which can help people pay attention or remember things.
Over-the-Counter (OTC) or Natural Nootropics: These are things like L-theanine, caffeine, omega-3 fatty acids, ginkgo biloba, and Bacopa monnieri that you can get in food or as a pill. They're easy to find and are often sold as natural brain boosts.
How Nootropics Claim to Work
memory and learning), and dopamineThe brain is made up of more than 80 billion neurones that talk to each other using chemicals called neurotransmitters. Nootropics are said to improve this system in a number of possible ways, including:
Neurotransmitters: Some nootropics raise the amounts or sensitivity of important brain chemicals like norepinephrine (alertness), acetylcholine (memory and learning), and dopaminechemicals like norepinephrine (alertness), acetylcholine (memory and learning), and dopamine (motivation).
Getting more oxygen and blood to cells : Compounds like ginkgo biloba are thought to make blood arteries in the brain bigger, which helps get more oxygen and nutrients to the brain.
Increasing neuroplasticity : Some nootropics help new neurones and synaptic links form, which is an important process for memory and learning.
Getting rid of reactive stress and inflammation : Foods that are high in antioxidants, like curcumin or omega-3s, help keep brain cells from getting hurt by free radicals.
Changing brain waves: Some substances, like L-theanine, may raise alpha-wave activity, which is linked to creativity and easy focus.
Final Thoughts
The search for ways to improve brain abilities is as old as people themselves. We've always been looking for ways to think faster, remember more, and do better, from herbal medicines in old times to neuroscience today.
